

Jean Fernel publishes De naturali parte medicinae, presenting human physiology as integral to the study of medicine. Just during Fuchs' lifetime the book went through 39 printings in Dutch, French, German, Latin, and Spanish and 20 years after his death was translated into English. The book was initially published in Latin and Greek and quickly translated into German. Plants were identified in German, Greek, and Latin, and sometimes English. It set a new standard for accuracy and quality, as well as being the first known publication of plants from the Americas, such as pumpkin, maize, marigold, potato, and tobacco. Stanford University Press considers it one of the best illustrated books of all time and a masterpiece of the German Renaissance. The University of Glasgow states that it is considered a landmark work in its field. Over 100 of the plants in the book were first descriptions.

It covers about 497 plants and has over 500 woodcut illustrations. It was illustrated by: Albrecht Meyer, who made drawings based on the actual plants Heinrich Füllmaurer, who transferred the drawings to woodblock and Vitus Rudolph Speckle, who cut the blocks and printed the drawings. Leonhart Fuchs publishes his new herbal De historia stirpium commentarii insignes in Basel.

This time Henry VIII is allied with the Emperor, while James V of Scotland and Sultan Suleiman I are allied with the French. War resumes between Francis I of France and Emperor Charles V. Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo explores the coast of California. The painting is popularly called "Madonna of the Long Neck" because "the painter, in his eagerness to make the Holy Virgin look graceful and elegant, has given her a neck like that of a swan." Jerome was required by the commissioner because of the saint's connection with the adoration of the Virgin Mary. In the lower right-hand corner of the painting is an enigmatic scene, with a row of marble columns and the emaciated figure of St. Six angels crowd together on the Madonna's right, adore the Christ-child. The painting depicts the Virgin Mary seated on a high pedestal in luxurious robes, holding a rather large baby Jesus on her lap. Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany purchased it in 1698 and it has been on display at the Uffizi since 1948. The painting was begun in 1534 for the funerary chapel of Francesco Tagliaferri in Parma, but remained incomplete on Parmigianino's death in 1540. Painting by Parmigianino: Madonna with the Long Neck an Italian Mannerist oil painting depicting Madonna and Child with angels. It entered the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York in 1929, where it is still held. It likely depicts a literary friend of the artist holding open a collection of poetry. Painting by Agnolo Bronzino: Portrait of a Young Man with a Book The Portrait of a Young Man with a Book is a c.1530s oil on board painting by Agnolo Bronzino.
